誰願意來介紹一下這個？

Hatikva · 2009-04-10 18:45:21

Sirrush

The sirrush (or mushhushshu) is a creature depicted on the reconstructed Ishtar Gate of the city of Babylon, originally dating to the 6th century B.C. It resembles a scaly dragon with hind legs like an eagle's talons and feline forelegs. It also has a long neck and tail, a horned head, a snakelike tongue and a crest. While not matching any known creature, some argue the sirrush could have been a genuine animal.

The name
he name "sirrush" is derived from an Akkadian word loosely translated "splendor serpent." Although it is properly transliterated muš-ḫuššu,[1] early researchers mistakenly read it as sir-ruššu, and this is the rendering most common today. The transliteration muš-ruššu is also found, apparently a variant of muš-ḫuššu.

Theories about the sirrush
German archeologist Robert Koldewey, who discovered the Ishtar Gate in 1902, seriously considered the notion that the sirrush was a portrayal of a real animal. He argued that its depiction in Babylonian art was consistent over many centuries, while those of mythological creatures changed, sometimes drastically, over the years. He also noted that the sirrush is shown on the Ishtar Gate alongside real animals, the lion and the rimi (aurochs), leading him to speculate the sirrush was a creature the Babylonians were familiar with.

Bel and the Dragon, a deuterocanonical Biblical text, relates a story that Koldewey thought involved a sirrush. In a temple dedicated to Bel (Nebuchadnezzar's god), priests had a "great dragon or serpent, which they of Babylon worshiped." Daniel, the Biblical prophet, was confronted with this creature by the priests, who challenged him to match his invisible God against their living god. Eventually, Daniel poisoned the creature. The creature's distinctly feline front paws seemed incongruous, and gave Koldewey some doubt. However, In 1918 he proposed that the iguanodon, (a dinosaur with birdlike hindfeet) was the closest match to the sirrush (Sjögren, 1980).

Adrienne Mayor argues that ancient civilizations often took great care in excavating, transporting and reassembling fossils, raising the possibility that it represents a Babylonian reconstruction of sauropod remains. The griffin and other mythical creatures may have been based on similar reconstructions by this reasoning. However, science writer and cryptologist Willy Ley wrote that, as of the late 1950s, no fossil beds are known around Mesopotamia. Others have noted a resemblance to monitor lizards, speculating that Babylonians may have seen or captured monitors and based the sirrush upon them.

Ley suggested that the sirrush could be based on an animal that the Babylonians had heard of but that did not live in Mesopotamia. Ley claimed that bricks of a similar type to those of the Ishtar Gate have been found around Africa, suggesting that the Babylonians could have heard of or seen the animal somewhere else in Africa. The cryptozoologist Bernard Heuvelmans contended that the sirrush was similar to a type of dinosaur, the sauropods. Heuvelmans then suggested that the sirrush of the Ishtar gate and the persistent rumours of sauropod-like surviving dinosaurs in Central Africa, for example Mokele Mbembe are related, and that the sirrush is based on actual unknown reptiles living in Central Africa at that time and that may still be alive.

Another possibility is the Elasmotherium, or "Giant Unicorn" rhinoceros, another beast fitting the approximate description.

最后修改： Hatikva (2009-04-10 18:46:43)

shiningdracon · 2009-04-10 22:49:21

巴比倫遺跡裡的壁畫，有些像麒麟。對百科是個很好的補充。誰願意來翻譯一下？

DW · 2009-04-29 12:33:50

斯爾阿什（Sirrush）

【斯爾阿什】(或馬什哈什舒 mushhushshu)是位於巴比倫重建的伊什塔爾門上所描繪出的生物，原創作於公元前6世紀。它類似一條鱗表龍，後肢像鷹而前肢近貓，尾和頸都很長，頭上有角，蛇形舌頭和脊。雖然外形不符合所有目前已知生物，但有人認為【斯爾阿什】確有存在。

名字來源

【斯爾阿什】一名起源於阿卡得語（又稱亞述-巴比倫語），粗譯為“光輝蛇”。盡管他的名稱的規範寫法為“ muš-ḫuššu”（參見亞述字典第十卷第二部分，270頁），早期研究員把它誤讀做“sir-ruššu”，所以後者成為現在最通俗的稱法。從“muš-ruššu ” 的音譯還能輕易看出，他顯然是“muš-ḫuššu”的一個變種。

【斯爾阿什】相關

德國考古學家【羅伯特柯歐德維】（Robert Koldewey），也就是在1902年伊什塔爾門的發現者，提出【斯爾阿什】是一種真實動物的寫照。他指出它在巴比倫人前後數百年的藝術中形象一致，而神話所創造的生物多年來形象一直在變化，有時甚至是顛覆性的。他還指出【斯爾阿什】與獅子、原牛（稱rimi，已滅絶）這些真實動物一同展示在伊什塔爾門的一側，致使他推測【斯爾阿什】是巴比倫人熟知的一種通常生物。

【柯歐德維】認為【杜特若肯拿米克】（deuterocanonical，來自希臘文“適合從屬教士團成員”）的聖經文本中的一個名為《【馬爾杜克】（又稱貝勒 Bel，巴比倫神話中的衆神之首）和龍》的故事有【斯爾阿什】參與。內容為在一個供奉貝勒（尼布甲尼撒之神）的神廟，牧師有一章規定：“巨龍或巨蛇為巴比倫的敬仰。”聖經中的先知【丹尼爾】（Daniel），在該廟宇牧師的提示之下找到了那個“不該被敬仰的”生物。最後，丹尼爾毒殺了這動物。這動物貓般的前爪明顯不協調，這給【柯歐德維】帶來了些疑慮。盡管後來，1918年他提出的【伊格瓦內丹】（iguanodon，一種長有類鳥形前足的恐龍）與【斯爾阿什】極為相似（希歐戈仁，1980）

——————————————
（原上文應該是講蜥腳類恐龍）阿德裡安市長認為古老的文明採取的是非常謹慎的方式來運送和組裝殘骸，就以重現巴比倫蜥腳類恐龍化石為代表。根據這一推理，格裡芬（獅鷲）和其他神話生物可能同樣基於類似的重建。但，科學作家兼古文學家【威利鐳】（Willy Ley）寫到：截至20時機50年代末，在美索不達米亞平原沒有任何已知的化石層。另有一些人指出它酷似巨蜥,猜測巴比倫人也許看見或活捉過巨蜥並將【斯爾阿什】基於他們做出描繪。

【鐳】認為【斯爾阿什】是基於一種雖然不生活在美索不達米亞，但巴比倫人有所耳聞的動物。【鐳】稱，已在非洲發現有與修建伊什塔爾門所用的磚相像的建築材料, 這表明巴比倫人可能見過或聽說過在非洲某處生活的動物。古文學家【伯納德黑尤沃門斯】（Bernard Heuvelmans ）聲稱說，【斯爾阿什】與一種恐龍名為【司歐阿鄱德】（sauropods）有衆多相似之處。【黑尤沃門斯】便提出伊什塔爾門上的【斯爾阿什】可能與“倖存在非洲中部的蜥腳龍類恐龍”一傳聞有關, 例如有關【莫克力姆本貝】（Mokele Mbembe）, 【斯爾阿什】可能基於在那時還在非洲中部倖存的未知的爬行動物繪製。

另一種可能是艾蘭馬茲如埃姆（Elasmotherium，薄板犀牛），或稱“巨型獨角”犀牛, 這是另外一種比較相似的動物。（引文）

PS：ORZ……引文真混亂。稍稍整理了一下語序和詞義，要是真有翻譯軟件能翻譯成這樣倒好了，即便被說也無所謂……N個小時飛了（誰不知道真用翻譯軟件干翻譯的話不四處卡殻才怪，這篇的確直譯比較多，我也承認一直用翻譯軟件查詞）

最后修改： DW (2009-05-01 11:37:52)

shiningdracon · 2009-04-30 10:24:16

兩個腦袋思考效率就是高，謝謝雙頭龍DW :P

DW · 2009-04-30 11:54:36

S：倒，本來在其他地方不用這方式的。謝倒用不着，雙頭就免了。

shiningdracon · 2009-04-30 16:05:58

總之，翻譯的不錯。我會盡快整理到百科中

Hatikva · 2009-04-30 20:24:55

這篇文章看起來像是用軟件翻譯的，寫進百科之前應該再作一些文字上的整理，使語句更通順。

最后修改： Hatikva (2009-04-30 20:25:50)

Slain-Dracon · 2010-05-19 13:38:26

我知道在這裡水是不對的但這就是雙核的力量……

Hatikva · 2010-05-19 21:19:28

Hatikva,這是Wiki的文章吧?!需要標明囉...我以為是你寫的.

我本來就沒說過這是我寫的，這就是在Wiki找到的資料，但因為這個頁面掛了，所以我就把連結刪除了。

最后修改： Hatikva (2010-05-19 21:20:29)

地球遗龙 · 2019-02-04 18:44:04

朱大可在《華夏上古神系》一書中中認爲Sirrush後來傳到世界各地，在歐洲演化爲西龍，在東亞演化爲夔龍/龍馬並最終匯入中國龍中。

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