伊盧揚卡Illuyanka

银月龙 · 2009-02-11 12:09:54

Illuyanka
伊盧揚卡

In Hittite mythology, Illuyanka was a serpentine dragon slain by Tarhunt (dIM), the Hittite incarnation of the Hurrian god of sky and storm. It is known from Hittite cuneiform tablets found at Çorum-Boğazköy, the former Hittite capital Hattusha. The context is a ritual of the Hattian spring festival of Puruli.

在赫梯神話中，泰舒卜是赫梯神話中天空和風暴之神的實體，巨蛇伊盧揚卡就是被他所殺。衆所周知，從赫梯的首都哈圖什（銀月：現在土耳其的Boghazkoy）出土的塊楔形文字碑片上面，雕刻了一個喬魯姆-博阿茲柯伊獅身人面像，碑的背景是一個Puruli的赫梯族春節儀式。（銀月：求解）

伊盧揚卡名字的來源

Illuyanka is probably a compound, consisting of two words for "snake", Proto-Indo-European *illu- and *ang(w)a-. The same compound members, inverted, appear in Latin anguilla "eel". The *illu- word is cognate to English eel, the anka- word to Sanskrit ahi. Also this dragon is known as Illujanka and Illuyankas.

Illuyanka可能是一個復合詞，由兩個部分組成——原始印歐語 -illu和-ang（w）a-，這兩個部分的意思都是“蛇”。這個詞語的兩個相同的部分進行倒置，這兩個部分出現在拉丁美洲安圭拉語的"eel"中。-illu的這個詞綴是和英語當中的eel同源的，而anka-這個詞綴來源於來梵阿伊。所以伊盧揚卡也被稱為Illujanka和Illuyankas 。

傳說故事

In the first version, the two gods fight and Illuyanka wins. Teshub then goes to the Hattian goddess Inaras for advice. Having promised her love to a mortal named Hupasiyas in return for his help, she devises a trap for the dragon. She goes to him with large quantities of food and drink, and entices him to drink his fill. Once drunk, the dragon is bound by Hupasiyas with a rope. Then the Sky God Teshub appears with the other gods and kills the dragon.

第一個版本中，在暴風之神和龍王伊盧揚卡的鬥爭中，伊盧揚卡大獲全勝。於是泰舒卜向赫拉的女神伊娜拉什求援。作為回報，她讓泰舒卜承諾他會承認伊娜拉什和一位Hupasiyas的凡人的愛情。伊娜拉什為伊盧揚卡策劃了一個陷阱。她要泰舒卜准備大量的食物和酒，（銀月：來供奉龍王）引誘龍王喝酒。龍王將貢品一掃而空，喝的爛醉如泥。Hupasiyas趁此機會迅速用繩子把伊盧揚卡捆了起來。暴風之神泰舒卜召集其他的天神一起將伊盧揚卡殺死。

In the second version, after the two gods fight and Teshub loses, Illuyanka takes Teshub's eyes and heart. To avenge himself upon the dragon, the Sky God Teshub marries the goddess Hebat, daughter of a mortal, named Arm. They have a son, Sarruma, who grows up and marries the daughter of the dragon Illuyanka. The Sky God Teshub tells his son to ask for his eyes and heart as a wedding gift, and he does so. His eyes and heart restored, Teshub goes to face the dragon Illuyanka once more. At the point of vanquishing the dragon, Sarruma finds out about the battle and realizes that he had been used for this purpose. He demands that his father take his life along with Illuyanka's, and so Teshub kills them both with thundery rain and lightning. This version is illustrated on a relief to was found at Malatya (dating from 1050-850 BC) and is on display in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara, Turkey.

第二個版本中，在暴風之神和龍王伊盧揚卡的鬥爭中，泰舒卜慘敗。伊盧揚卡奪走了泰舒卜的眼睛和心臟（銀月：作為戰敗的代價，而且這裏也可以解釋為奪走了暴風之神的神力）。為了報復打敗自己的伊盧揚卡，暴風之神泰舒卜和一位叫Arm的凡人生下的Hebat女神結婚。他們生了一個兒子，叫Sarruma 。他長大後要和龍王伊盧揚卡的女兒結婚。暴風之神泰舒卜告訴他的兒子，要用的泰舒卜的眼睛和心臟作為彩禮，Sarruma這樣做了。這樣，暴風之神的眼睛和心臟回到了它們主人那裏，泰舒卜再次向龍王伊盧揚卡發起挑戰。Sarruma終於意識到了他們之間的戰爭，他發現他被他的父親利用了。Sarruma選擇了站在伊盧揚卡這一邊，（銀月：因為他無法放棄他的妻子），最後，泰舒卜用風暴和閃電殺死了龍王伊盧揚卡和他的兒子。這個版本出現在馬拉蒂亞的相關文物中（可追溯到公元前1050-850），陳列在土耳其安卡拉的安納托利亞文明博物館。

The Hittite texts were introduced in 1930 by W. Porzig, who first made the comparison of Teshub's battle with Illuyankas with the sky-god Zeus' battle with serpent-like Typhon, told in Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke (I.6.3); the Hittite-Greek parallels found few adherents at the time, the Hittite myth of the castration of the god of heaven by Kumarbi, with its clearer parallels to Greek myth, not having yet been deciphered and edited.

W. Porzig在1930年Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke (I.6.3)這篇著作中，他介紹了這篇赫梯神話，首次比較了泰舒卜和伊盧揚卡的戰鬥與宙斯和巨蛇提豐的戰鬥。赫梯--希臘神話的相似點在當時僅有極少數的信徒（銀月：求解），而在赫梯神話中閹割的衆神之神Kumarbi，和希臘神話中的（神的）相似點已經非常的明顯了，即使赫梯神話尚未完全發現和破譯。

最后修改：银月龙 (2009-02-12 18:14:34)

shiningdracon · 2009-02-11 23:20:53

銀月以前是不是翻譯過這篇？我怎麼總記得在哪看到過似的……

银月龙 · 2009-02-12 00:16:37

確實是，我翻譯過關於那位女神伊娜拉什的故事
講的就是如何收服這條巨蛇的事情

shiningdracon · 2009-02-12 00:37:21

想起來了。娜拉什那條我沒收進來，我准備把和龍有關但描述主體不是龍的傳說、典故、故事單分一類，百科裡隻以龍為主體

银月龙 · 2009-02-12 00:43:21

無責任轉（自己翻譯的囧

Inaras
(Hittite Legend)

A goddess who appears in earlier versions of the tale of the weather god versus the dragon Illuyankas.

The weather god had already suffered defeat in a previous encounter with Illuyankas as it appealed to the other gods for help. The goddess Inaras volunteered a plan, she prepared a delicious banquet with barrels of every kind of drink. She asked a mortal, Hupasiyas, to assist her and he agrees on the condition she would make love to him. She does and the feast is finished. They then call the dragon to come out of his cave and enjoy himself.

Illuyankas came to the banquet with his children, they ate and drank until all the food was eaten and every barrel was emptied. They headed back to their cave but when they tried to go through the enterance they found they could not fit! They were too bloated from Inaras' feast. Hupasiyas came up and bound Illuyankas with a rope and the weather god came and slew the defenceless dragon.

印娜拉
來自赫梯族神話
印娜拉女神出現在早期版本的與天氣之神（1）一起對抗伊盧揚卡什（2）的傳說。
泰舒卜在上一次與伊盧揚卡什對抗的時候嘗到了敗績，因此泰舒卜呼喚其他神來幫助他。印娜拉女神自告奮勇設計了一個計劃，她准備了美味的晚宴，晚宴上有很多種用桶裝的飲料。她請求胡帕西亞斯（3）來協助她，他答應了，在印娜拉答應與他（這是馬賽克）之後（囧囧囧囧囧囧）。在宴會准備完畢後，他們把伊盧揚卡什叫出它的巢穴，要他在宴會上盡情享受。
伊盧揚卡什帶着它的孩子來到宴會上，他們盡情地吃喝直到食物全被吃光、裝飲料的桶全部被喝空。他們的頭頭（估計就是伊盧揚卡什）回到他們的巢穴的時候，他們發現自己無法通過自己巢穴的入口。他們在宴會上吃的太飽了，以至於變得非常臃腫。胡帕西亞斯走過來，把伊盧揚卡什用一根繩子綁起來，泰舒卜趕過來，殺死了這條手無縛鷄之力的蛇。

（1）赫梯的暴風雨之神泰舒卜。伊盧揚卡什是泰舒卜的老丈人。（囧囧囧囧囧囧）
（2）赫梯人神話中的支配海洋的凶暴龍神，洪水的象徵。
（3）女神印娜拉的凡間情人，後來因為不忠被女神殺死。

至於那馬賽克是什麼，大家請自行發揮想像力。

補充：Illuyankas和Illuyanka是一回事
這個老丈人…… 在第二個版本裡有解釋了

最后修改：银月龙 (2009-02-12 00:43:33)

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